LESSON 1
PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF WEATHER AND TERRAIN ON SMOKE
TASK
Predict the effects of weather and terrain on smoke.
CONDITIONS
Given information about and illustrations that identify the elements, purpose, and limitations of smoke missions,
predict effects of terrain on smoke, and predict effects of wind and temperature on smoke.
STANDARDS
Demonstrate competency of the task skills and knowledge by obtaining a passing score of 70 percent on a
multiple-choice test covering the information listed in the above conditions.
REFERENCES
FM 3-50
FC 3-50-1
Learning Event 1
IDENTIFY ELEMENTS, PURPOSE,
AND LIMITATIONS OF SMOKE MISSIONS
Experience has demonstrated that smoke can be of great assistance in combat when properly used. During
World War II, extensive use was made of smoke in both defensive and offensive operations. Smoke use in Korea
by US forces is well documented. Large-area smoke was not used in Vietnam. This was the result of a different
type of threat encountered, the geographical and climatic conditions, and a general dislike for operating in a
smoke environment. Furthermore, the radar systems that were widely used in Vietnam could see through
conventional smoke. However, it has been determined that smoke could provide some protection from the light
and heat produced by nuclear weapons. You may also use smoke in combination with chemical agents as well as
to interfere with sensors.
In friendly territory, a smoke generator unit can produce three types of smoke screens: smoke blanket, smoke
haze, and smoke curtains. As smoke planners, you need to know how smoke screens are formed. This
information will help you plan your smoke generator locations.
SMOKE SCREEN FORMATION
Smoke screens are formed in four distinct phases (see Figure 1).
1. Individual streamer phase is when smoke is emitted from the smoke source. For a certain distance
downwind of the smoke line, the smoke
1
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